Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 189, Issue 2, Pages 744-754Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102244
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Funding
- Carol Swarts Neuroscience Research Laboratory Fund
- Frances and Louis Blumkin Foundation
- Community Neuroscience Pride Research Initiative
- Alan Baer Charitable Trust
- National Institutes of Health [P01 DA026146, R01 NS036126, P01 NS031492, R01 NS034239, P01 MH064570, P01 DA028555, P01 NS043985]
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Exosomes and microvesicles (MV) are cell membranous sacs originating from multivesicular bodies and plasma membranes that facilitate long-distance intercellular communications. Their functional biology, however, remains incompletely understood. Macrophage exosomes and MV isolated by immunoaffinity and sucrose cushion centrifugation were characterized by morphologic, biochemical, and molecular assays. Lipidomic, proteomic, and cell biologic approaches uncovered novel processes by which exosomes and MV facilitate HIV-1 infection and dissemination. HIV-1 was entrapped in exosome aggregates. Robust HIV-1 replication followed infection with exosome-enhanced fractions isolated from infected cell supernatants. MV- and exosome-facilitated viral infections are affected by a range of cell surface receptors and adhesion proteins. HIV-1 containing exosomes readily completed its life cycle in human monocyte-derived macrophages but not in CD4(-) cells. The data support a significant role for exosomes as facilitators of viral infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 744-754.
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