Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 189, Issue 12, Pages 5745-5754Publisher
AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202283
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F022778/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0900857, G1001390, G9818340, G0701275] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/F022778/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [G0900857, G1001390, G9818340, G0701275] Funding Source: UKRI
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Mucosal immunity is poorly activated after systemic immunization with protein Ags. Nevertheless, induction of mucosal immunity in such a manner would be an attractive and simple way to overcome the intrinsic difficulties in delivering Ag to such sites. Flagellin from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (FliC) can impact markedly on host immunity, in part via its recognition by TLR5. In this study, we show that systemic immunization with soluble FliC (sFliC) drives distinct immune responses concurrently in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the spleen after i.p. and s.c. immunization. In the MLN, but not the spleen, sFliC drives a TLR5-dependent recruitment of CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs), which correlates with a diminution in CD103(+) DC numbers in the lamina propria. In the MLN, CD103(+) DCs carry Ag and are the major primers of endogenous and transgenic T cell priming. A key consequence of these interactions with CD103(+) DCs in the MLN is an increase in local regulatory T cell differentiation. In parallel, systemic sFliC immunization results in a pronounced switching of FliC-specific B cells to IgA in the MLN but not elsewhere. Loss of TLR5 has more impact on MLN than splenic Ab responses, reflected in an ablation of IgA, but not IgG, serum Ab titers. Therefore, systemic sFliC immunization targets CD103(+) DCs and drives distinct mucosal T and B cell responses. This offers a potential Trojan horse approach to modulate mucosal immunity by systemically immunizing with sFliC. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 5745-5754.
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