Formation of B-1 B Cells from Neonatal B-1 Transitional Cells Exhibits NF-κB Redundancy

The stages of development leading up to the formation of mature B-1 cells have not been identified. As a result, there is no basis for understanding why various genetic defects, and those in the classical or alternative NF-kappa B pathways in particular, differentially affect the B-1 and B-2 B cell lineages. In this article, we demonstrate that B-1 B cells are generated from transitional cell intermediates that emerge in a distinct neonatal wave of development that is sustained for similar to 2 wk after birth and then declines as B-2 transitional cells predominate. We further show that, in contrast to the dependence of B-2 transitional cells on the alternative pathway, the survival of neonatal B-1 transitional cells and their maturation into B-1 B cells occurs as long as either alternative or classical NF-kappa B signaling is intact. On the basis of these results, we have generated a model of B-1 development that allows the defects in B-1 and B-2 cell production observed in various NF-kappa B-deficient strains of mice to be placed into a coherent cellular context. The Journal of Immunology, 2011,187: 5712-5719.