Journal
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
Volume 26, Issue 11, Pages 2176-2184Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32830dd5d3
Keywords
blood pressure; brain; hypertension; mitochondria; sympathetic nervous system
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Funding
- Japan Society [B19390231]
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Objectives Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system are thought to contribute to sympathoexcitation in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase is a major source of ROS in the central nervous system, which acts as a key mediator (mediators) of angiotensin II (AngII). It is not clear, however, whether mitochondria- derived ROS in the central nervous system also participate in sympathoexcitation. Methods In an in-vivo study, we investigated whether the AngII-elicited pressor response in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, which controls sympathetic nerve activity, is attenuated by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of a mitochondria- derived antioxidant (Mn-SOD). In an in-vitro study, using differentiated PC-12 cells with characteristics similar to those of sympathetic neurons, we examined whether AngII increases mitochondrial ROS production. Results Overexpression of Mn-SOD attenuated the AngII-induced pressor response and also suppressed AngII-induced ROS production, as evaluated by microdialysis in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Using reduced MitoTracker red, we showed that AngII increased mitochondrial ROS production in differentiated PC-12 cells in vitro. Overexpression of Mn-SOD and rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor, suppressed AngII-induced ROS production. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ with ethylene glycol bis-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) and administration of p-trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone, which prevents further Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondria, blocked AngII-elicited mitochondrial ROS production. Conclusion These results indicate that AngII increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and that the increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake leads to mitochondrial ROS production. J Hypertens 26: 2176-2184 (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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