Experimental study on the role of spanwise vorticity and vortex filaments in the outer region of open-channel flow

The dynamic importance of spanwise vorticity and vortex filaments has been assessed in steady, uniform open-channel flows by means of particle image velocimetry. By expressing the net force due to Reynolds' turbulent shear stress, partial derivative(-(u upsilon) over bar)/partial derivative y, in terms of two velocity-vorticity correlations, (v omega(z)) over bar and (w omega(y)) over bar, the results show that both spanwise vorticity (omega(z)) over bar and the portion of it that is due to spanwise filaments make important contributions to the net force and hence the shape of the mean flow profile. Using the swirling strength to identify spanwise vortex filaments, it is found that they account for about 45% of (upsilon omega(z)) over bar, the remainder coming from non-filamentary spanwise vorticity, i.e. shear. The mechanism underlying this contribution is the movement of vortex filaments away from the wall. The contribution of spanwise vortex filaments to the Reynolds stress is small because they occupy a small fraction of the flow. The contribution of the induced motion of the spanwise vortex filaments is significant.