Journal
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0637-x
Keywords
Immune cell subset differentiation; T cell; B cell; Dendritic cell; Monocyte; Macrophage; Cardiovascular disease; Cancer
Categories
Funding
- NIH [HL117654, HL-110764, HL130233, HL131460, DK104116, DK113775, HL132399, HL138749]
- T32 Hematopoiesis Training Grant [5T32DK007780]
- AHA SDG [17SDG33671051]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL117654, R01HL110764, R01HL132399, R01HL138749, R01HL131460, R01HL130233] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK113775, T32DK007780, R01DK104116] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Immune cells were traditionally considered as major pro-inflammatory contributors. Recent advances in molecular immunology prove that immune cell lineages are composed of different subsets capable of a vast array of specialized functions. These immune cell subsets share distinct duties in regulating innate and adaptive immune functions and contribute to both immune activation and immune suppression responses in peripheral tissue. Here, we summarized current understanding of the different subsets of major immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. We highlighted molecular characterization, frequency, and tissue distribution of these immune cell subsets in human and mice. In addition, we described specific cytokine production, molecular signaling, biological functions, and tissue population changes of these immune cell subsets in both cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Finally, we presented a working model of the differentiation of inflammatory mononuclear cells, their interaction with endothelial cells, and their contribution to tissue inflammation. In summary, this review offers an updated and comprehensive guideline for immune cell development and subset differentiation, including subset characterization, signaling, modulation, and disease associations. We propose that immune cell subset differentiation and its complex interaction within the internal biological milieu compose a pathophysiological network, an interactive cross-talking complex, which plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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