Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 360, Issue -, Pages 639-650Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.044
Keywords
Groundwater contamination; Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs); Pump and treat system; Decision making
Categories
Funding
- National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project [2018ZX07109-003]
- National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) [2013AA06A207]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41702262]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M610927]
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Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in pumped groundwater are highly variable, challenging the selection of above-ground treatment strategies in pump-and-treat system. Adjustable systems with multiple treatment units are urgently required. In the present study, a mobile, modular and rapidly-acting treatment system was developed to treat groundwater contaminated by NAPLs at a chemical industrial site. The system integrated four units of coagulation sedimentation, air flotation, air stripping and chemical oxidation. During a 3-month onsite operation, the composition of groundwater NAPLs had huge fluctuations and different treatment units had unique advantages in eliminating some components. For instance, air stripping exhibited satisfactory removal efficiencies (> 80%) for short-chain petroleum hydrocarbons and chloroalkanes, but poor performance for others comparing to other units. A decision-making tool and a central control system were further developed to combine and adjust the four units in proper orders, achieving satisfied removal efficiency (70-90%) for multi component NAPLs, regardless of composition fluctuation. These findings raise the state-of-the-art modular and rapidly-acting groundwater treatment system to clean up NAPLs contaminated groundwater through pump-and-treat strategy, help in better understanding on the decision and management to improve the treatment performance, and provide guidelines for its implication at other sites contaminated with multi-component NAPLs or undergoing accidental contamination.
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