Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 279, Issue -, Pages 461-475Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.029
Keywords
Pharmaceuticals; Disinfection by-products; DBPs; Drinking water; Chlorination; Transformation pathways
Categories
Funding
- Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme [PIOF-GA-2010-274379]
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Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants of concern and are widespread in the environment. While the levels of these substances in finished drinking waters are generally considered too low for human health concern, there are now concerns about their disinfection by-products (DBPs) that can-form during drinking water treatment, which in some cases have been proven to be more toxic than the parent compounds. The present manuscript reviews the transformation products of pharmaceuticals generated in water during different disinfection processes, i.e. chlorination, ozonation, chloramination, chlorine dioxide, UV, and UV/hydrogen peroxide, and the main reaction pathways taking place. Most of the findings considered for this review come from controlled laboratory studies involving reactions of pharmaceuticals with these oxidants used in drinking water treatment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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