Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 237, Issue -, Pages 140-146Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.021
Keywords
Acute toxicity; Beneficial organisms; Enantioselective degradation; Malathion enantiomers
Categories
Funding
- Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China
- New-Star of Science and Technology
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21177154]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral program of Higher Education [20090008120016]
- Beijing Metropolis
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The dissipation behavior of the two enantiomers of malathion was elucidated in five plant species using enantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). and the acute toxicity of the individual enantiomers toward earthworms and honeybees was studied. The calculated LC50 values of the R-, S- and rac-malathion to earthworms were 0.3869, 25.17. and 19.19 mu g/cm(2), respectively, while the calculated LC50 values of R-, S- and rac-malathion to bees were 2.15, 36.67, and 7.11 mu g/mL, respectively. This indicated that the R-enantiomer was more toxic than S-enantiomer. The results of the degradation of racemate in Chinese cabbage and rape showed that the inactive S-(-)-enantiomer degraded faster than the active R-(+)-enantiomer. Inversely, we found a preferential degradation of the R-(+)-enantiomer in sugar beet. However, the degradation of malathion in paddy rice and wheat were nonenantioselectivity. In all plants, malathion was degraded to levels <10% after 5 days, and the calculated t(1/2) values of the enantiomers ranged from 0.83 to 1.43 days in these five plants. In conclusion, our findings of enantioselectivity in the environmental fate and acute toxicity of the malathion enantiomers may have implications for better environmental and ecological risk assessment for chiral pesticides in general. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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