Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 203, Issue -, Pages 188-194Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.002
Keywords
Carbon mass balance (CMB) model; CO2 emission; Greenhouse gases (GHG); Vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs)
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Funding
- National Water Special Project of China [2008ZX07101-001-04]
- National Natural Science Funds of China [51102136/ E021301]
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Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from constructed wetlands (CWs) can mitigate the environmental benefits of nutrient removal because reduced water pollution could be replaced by emission of GHG. Therefore, the GHG (CO2 and CH4) fluxes of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs) under different influent C/N ratios of synthetic municipal wastewater were analyzed directly by GHG flux measurements, and estimated by carbon mass balance (CMB) over a 12 month period. The VSSF CWs system achieved the highest biological nutrient removal (BNR) efficiency between C/N ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 across all kinds of pollutants. Variation in influent C/N ratios dramatically influenced GHG fluxes from the VSSF CWs system. The GHG flux measured in situ agreed with those predicted by the CMB model and represented relatively low GHG fluxes when C/N ratios were between 2.5:1 and 5:1. It was determined that the optimum C/N ratio is 5:1, at which VSSF CWs can achieve a relatively high BNR efficiency and a low level of GHG flux. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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