Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 186, Issue 2-3, Pages 1553-1559Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.049
Keywords
Coagulation; Microcystin; Powdered activated carbon; Saxitoxin; Ultrafiltration
Categories
Funding
- American Water Works Research Foundation/Water Research Foundation (AwwaRF/WaterRF) [4016]
- Water Quality Research Australia
- United Water International
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Cyanobacteria are a major problem for the world wide water industry as they can produce metabolites toxic to humans in addition to taste and odour compounds that make drinking water aesthetically displeasing. Removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water is important to avoid serious illness in consumers. This objective can be confidently achieved through the application of the multiple barrier approach to drinking water quality and safety. In this study the use of a multiple barrier approach incorporating coagulation, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated for the removal of intracellular and extracellular cyanobacterial toxins from two naturally occurring blooms in South Australia. Also investigated was the impact of these treatments on the UF flux. In this multi-barrier approach, coagulation was used to remove the cells and thus the intracellular toxin while PAC was used for extracellular toxin adsorption and finally the UF was used for floc. PAC and cell removal. Cyanobacterial cells were completely removed using the UF membrane alone and when used in conjunction with coagulation. Extracellular toxins were removed to varying degrees by PAC addition. UF flux deteriorated dramatically during a trial with a very high cell concentration; however, the flux was improved by coagulation and PAC addition. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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