Journal
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
Volume 60, Issue 222, Pages 647-660Publisher
INT GLACIOL SOC
DOI: 10.3189/2014JoG13J196
Keywords
Arctic glaciology; ice dynamics; ice rheology
Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_127197]
- US National Science Foundation [OPP 0908156, OPP 0909454, ANT-0424589]
- NASA Cryospheric Sciences
- Climate Modeling Programs within US Department of Energy Office of Science
- NASA HQ
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021_127197] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Ice deformation and basal motion characterize the dynamical behavior of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). We evaluate the contribution of basal motion from ice deformation measurements in boreholes drilled to the bed at two sites in the western marginal zone of the GrIS. We find a sustained high amount of basal motion contribution to surface velocity of 44-73% in winter, and up to 90% in summer. Measured ice deformation rates show an unexpected variation with depth that can be explained with the help of an ice-flow model as a consequence of stress transfer from slippery to sticky areas. This effect necessitates the use of high-order ice-flow models, not only in regions of fast-flowing ice streams but in all temperate-based areas of the GrIS. The agreement between modeled and measured deformation rates confirms that the recommended values of the temperature-dependent flow rate factor A are a good choice for ice-sheet models.
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