Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 23, Issue 26, Pages 33777-33791Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.23.033777
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Funding
- EU FP7 project MiSPIA [257646]
- UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/F048041/1, EP/M01326X/1, EP/N003446/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K015338/1, EP/F048041/1, EP/N003446/1, EP/M01326X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/K015338/1, EP/F048041/1, EP/M01326X/1, EP/N003446/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays generally suffer from having a low fill-factor, in which the photo-sensitive area of each pixel is small compared to the overall area of the pixel. This paper describes the integration of different configurations of high efficiency diffractive optical microlens arrays onto a 32 x 32 SPAD array, fabricated using a 0.35 mu m CMOS technology process. The characterization of SPAD arrays with integrated microlens arrays is reported over the spectral range of 500-900 nm, and a range of f-numbers from f/2 to f/22. We report an average concentration factor of 15 measured for the entire SPAD array with integrated microlens array. The integrated SPAD and microlens array demonstrated a very high uniformity in overall efficiency. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
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