Self-Identified Social Determinants of Health during Transitions of Care in the Medically Underserved: a Narrative Review

BackgroundMedically underserved or low socioeconomic status (SES) patients face significant vulnerability and a high risk of adverse events following hospital discharge. The environmental, social, and economic factors, otherwise known as social determinants, that compound this risk have been ineffectually described in this population. As the underserved comprise 30% of patients discharged from the hospital, improving transitional care and preventing readmission in this group has profound quality of care and financial implications.MethodEMBASE and MEDLINE searches were conducted to examine specific barriers to care transitions in underserved patients following an episode of acute care. Articles were reviewed for barriers and categorized within the context of five general themes.ResultsThis review yielded 17 peer-reviewed articles. Common factors affecting care transitions were cost of medications, access to care, housing instability, and transportation. When categorized within themes, social fragility and access failures, as well as therapeutic misalignment, disease behavior, and issues with accountability were noted.DiscussionProviders and health systems caring for medically underserved patients may benefit through dedicating increased resources and broadening collaboration with community partners in order to expand health care access and enhance coordination of social services within this population. Future studies are needed to identify potential interventions targeting underserved patients to improve their post-hospital care.