Journal
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
Volume 23, Issue 12, Pages 2014-2017Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-008-0802-y
Keywords
diagnostic accuracy; sensitivity; specificity; cardiovascular disease; depression; screening
Funding
- Department of Veterans Epidemiology Merit Review Program
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development service
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [R01 HL079235]
- American Federation for Aging Research
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Ischemia Research and Education Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Fonds de la Recherche en Sante Quebec
- National Center For Complementary and Alternative Medicine [R24AT004641]
- Miller Family Scholar Program
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BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines recommend depression screening in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but how to accomplish this is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the test characteristics of the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a two-step screening approach (PHQ-2 then PHQ-9 if positive on PHQ-2), compared with the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule (C-DIS) for major depression. We also evaluated a PHQ diagnosis of depression, requiring five of nine symptoms more than half the days, compared with the C-DIS. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 1,024 outpatients with CAD. MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-four patients (22%) had current major depression. Optimal cutpoints were >= 2 for the PHQ-2 (82% sensitive, 79% specific) and >= 6 for the PHQ-9 (83% sensitive, 76% specific). The two-step screening approach was less sensitive (75%), but more specific (84%), than the PHQ-2 or PHQ-9 alone. The PHQ diagnosis had low sensitivity (28%), but high specificity (96%). CONCLUSIONS: Cutpoints of >= 2 on the PHQ-2 and >= 6 on the PHQ-9 had similar test characteristics. A two-step approach using the PHQ-2 followed by the PHQ-9 was no better than either instrument alone. A PHQ diagnosis of depression had high specificity, but poor sensitivity.
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