A simple clinical scoring system using ferritin, fasting insulin, and type IV collagen 7S for predicting steatohepatitis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Liver histology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Noninvasive, simple, reproducible, and reliable biomarkers are greatly needed to differentiate NASH from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To construct a scoring system for predicting NASH, 177 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. To validate the scoring system, 442 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from eight hepatology centers in Japan were also enrolled. In the estimation group, 98 (55%) patients had NASH. Serum ferritin [a parts per thousand yen200 ng/ml (female) or a parts per thousand yen300 ng/ml (male)], fasting insulin (a parts per thousand yen10 mu U/ml), and type IV collagen 7S (a parts per thousand yen5.0 ng/ml) were selected as independent variables associated with NASH, by multilogistic regression analysis. These three variables were combined in a weighted sum [serum ferritin a parts per thousand yen200 ng/ml (female) or a parts per thousand yen300 ng/ml (male) = 1 point, fasting insulin a parts per thousand yen10 mu U/ml = 1 point, and type IV collagen 7S a parts per thousand yen5.0 ng/ml = 2 points] to form an easily calculated composite score for predicting NASH, called the NAFIC score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for predicting NASH was 0.851 in the estimation group and 0.782 in the validation group. The NAFIC AUROC was the greatest among several previously established scoring systems for detecting NASH, but also for predicting severe fibrosis. NAFIC score can predict NASH in Japanese NAFLD patients with sufficient accuracy and simplicity to be considered for clinical use.