Effect of heat treatment on rheological properties of red kidney bean gluten free cake batter and its relationship with cupcake quality

Legumes and cereals complement their nutritional quality and there is a need of convenience products made with these grains. The objectives of this study were to determine the rheological and functional properties of precooked red kidney bean (RKB) flours and their effect on viscoelastic properties of gluten free cake batter and cupcake quality including consumer acceptance. RKB flours were thermally processed by boiling at 100 degrees C (0, 20, 30 and 40min) and drying at 80 degrees C (3 and 4h). Rheological properties of cake batter containing 100% RKB flour were tested by creep-recovery and dynamic frequency tests. Batter of RKB flour boiled for 20min was significantly stiffer with 100 times less deformable character compared to the control. Increase in batter modulus ranged from 2000 times elastic component (G), 988 times viscous component (G) and 1805 times complex viscosity (*) at 20min boiling. Drying did not have a significant effect on viscoelastic properties. Firmness and height of gluten free RKB cupcake were not affected by heat treatment. RKB gluten free cake after heat-moisture treatment had improved consumer acceptance scores compared to the control. Our findings showed that 20min boiling and 3h drying process is adequate for precooked RKB flour.