Journal
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 70-80Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.03.010
Keywords
Tocotrienols; Tocopherols; Extraction; Saponification; Soxhlet extraction; Direct extraction; Rice homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (OsHGGT); Antioxidant activity; Soybean; Food analysis; Food composition
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Funding
- R&D project of the National Institute of Crop Science [PJ008722]
- Next-Generation Biogreen 21 program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center) of the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ00806001]
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Previously, transgenic soybeans were generated and reported to produce tocotrienols (alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols), compounds not normally found in soybean. Three procedures were evaluated to optimize the extraction method for transgenic soybean seeds and germinating seeds. Significant differences were observed among the extraction methods in seeds and germinating seeds. In seeds, the highest analytical values (tocopherols, 37.11 mg 100 g(-1); and tocotrienols, 1.54 mg 100 g(-1)) were observed by using rapid Soxhlet extraction. In germinating seeds, the content of transgenic soybean (B20 and C5) total vitamin E (tocopherols, 18.04, 20.73 mg 100 g(-1); and tocotrienols, 0.82 and 0.84 mg 100 g(-1)) by direct extraction was approximately 16% and 9% greater than the amount obtained by saponification. In addition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) tests demonstrated a direct correlation between the radical-scavenging capacity and the total content of natural tocopherols and tocotrienols. Therefore, these results suggest that an optimal extraction method will provide a fast, simple, reproducible procedure for analyzing tocotrienols and tocopherols. Furthermore, this method may be used to determine novel minor functional compounds such as tocotrienols for the evaluation of biological activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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