4.3 Article

Cone calorimeter study of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire-retardant additives

Journal

JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
Volume 32, Issue 6, Pages 498-517

Publisher

SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0734904114538755

Keywords

Expandable graphite; exfoliation; intumescent flame retardant; thermal analysis; cone calorimeter

Funding

  1. South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST)
  2. National Research Foundation (NRF)

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Polyethylene was flame retarded with two intumescent-type additives, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate and ethylenediamine phosphate, which differ with respect to their decomposition onset temperatures, along with varying ratios of two grades of expandable graphite, also differing with respect to their onset temperatures for exfoliation. Hot-pressed sheet specimens were subjected to evaluation in a cone calorimeter. Although the best char yields were obtained with formulations containing the higher decomposition temperature intumescent, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate, the overall best performance was realized using the lower decomposition temperature intumescent, ethylenediamine phosphate, when compounded together with the low exfoliation temperature expandable graphite. These results are attributed to the formation, at the burning surface, of a more cohesive char with better thermal and mass transfer barrier properties.

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