Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 105-112Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2013.68
Keywords
World Trade Center; WTC; dust; fishing line; generator; intratracheal inhalation
Funding
- CDC/NIOSH Grant [RO1OH008280]
- NIEHS Center Grant [ES00260]
- NIEHS [T32 ES007324-12]
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First responders (FRs) present at Ground Zero within the critical first 72 h after the World Trade Center (WTC) collapse have progressively exhibited significant respiratory injury. The majority (496%) of WTC dusts were >10 mu m and no studies have examined potential health effects of this size fraction. This study sought to develop a system to generate and deliver supercoarse (10-53 mu m) WTC particles to a rat model in a manner that mimicked FR exposure scenarios. A modified Fishing Line generator was integrated onto an intratracheal inhalation (ITIH) system that allowed for a bypassing of the nasal passages so as to mimic FR exposures. Dust concentrations were measured gravimetrically; particle size distribution was measured via elutriation. Results indicate that the system could produce dusts with 23 mm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) at levels up to >= 1200mg/m(3). To validate system utility, F344 rats were exposed for 2 h to approximate to 100 mg WTC dust/m(3). Exposed rats had significantly increased lung weight and levels of select tracer metals 1 h after exposure. Using this system, it is now possible to conduct relevant inhalation exposures to determine adverse WTC dusts impacts on the respiratory system. Furthermore, this novel integrated Fishing Line-ITIH system could potentially be used in the analyses of a wide spectrum of other dusts/pollutants of sizes previously untested or delivered to the lungs in ways that did not reflect realistic exposure scenarios.
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