Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 16-23Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/jes.2011.30
Keywords
environmental tobacco smoke; metals; polychlorinated biphenyls; pesticides; phthalates; volatile organic compounds
Funding
- US Environmental Protection Agency [R825813, R826789]
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Longitudinal measurements of biomarkers for metals, phthalates, environmental tobacco smoke, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and volatile organic compounds were made in blood and/or urine from a stratified, random sample of more than 100 elementary school-aged children living in an inner-city section of Minneapolis. Repeated measures of 31 exposure biomarkers indicate that between-child variance (B-CV) was greater than within-child variance (W-CV) for 8 compounds, B-CV was a significant proportion of total variance for 9 compounds, and variances were homogeneous for 14 compounds. Among siblings living in the same household, positive correlations were observed for biomarker concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, metals, and volatile organic chemicals in blood, and total cotinine in urine. Biologic markers confirm that children from a low-income, ethnically diverse neighborhood experienced concurrent exposure to a variety of hazardous environmental chemicals during their everyday activities. Future monitoring studies should examine the nature and magnitude of children's cumulative exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, especially in disadvantaged populations. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2012) 22, 16-23; doi: 10.1038/jes.2011.30; published online 19 October 2011
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