Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
Volume 37, Issue 3, Pages 874-891Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/a0021928
Keywords
gender; conversation; nonverbal; motion dynamics; coordination
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Funding
- NSF [BCS-0527485]
- EPSRC [EP/D049075/1]
- EPSRC [EP/D049075/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/D049075/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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During conversation, women tend to nod their heads more frequently and more vigorously than men. An individual speaking with a woman tends to nod his or her head more than when speaking with a man. Is this due to social expectation or due to coupled motion dynamics between the speakers? We present a novel methodology that allows us to randomly assign apparent identity during free conversation in a videoconference, thereby dissociating apparent sex from motion dynamics. The method uses motion-tracked synthesized avatars that are accepted by naive participants as being live video. We find that 1) motion dynamics affect head movements but that apparent sex does not; 2) judgments of sex are driven almost entirely by appearance; and 3) ratings of masculinity and femininity rely on a combination of both appearance and dynamics. Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis of separate perceptual streams for appearance and biological motion. In addition, our results are consistent with a view that head movements in conversation form a low level perception and action system that can operate independently from top-down social expectations.
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