Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 215, Issue 11, Pages 2748-2759Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181003
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Funding
- Cancer Research Institute Investigator Award
- CRUK Biotherapeutic Program Grant [C36463/A20764]
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- CRUK UCL Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre
- NIHR Blood & Transplant Research Units (BTRU) for Stem Cells and Immunotherapies [167097]
- CRUK-UCL Centre [C416/A18088]
- Cancer Immunotherapy Accelerator Award (CITA-CRUK) [C33499/A20265]
- Sam Keen Foundation
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
- Bloodwise [08022/P4664]
- NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre
- CRUK Project Grant
- Francis Crick Institute from Cancer Research UK [FC001169]
- UK Medical Research Council [FC001169]
- Wellcome Trust [FC001169]
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Despite the advances in cancer immunotherapy, only a fraction of patients with bladder cancer exhibit responses to checkpoint blockade, highlighting a need to better understand drug resistance and identify rational immunotherapy combinations. However, accessibility to the tumor prior and during therapy is a major limitation in understanding the immune tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we identified urine-derived lymphocytes (UDLs) as a readily accessible source of T cells in 32 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We observed that effector CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells and regulatory T cells within the urine accurately map the immune checkpoint landscape and T cell receptor repertoire of the TME. Finally, an increased UDL count, specifically high expression of PD-1 (PD-1(hi)) on CD8+ at the time of cystectomy, was associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival. UDL analysis represents a dynamic liquid biopsy that is representative of the bladder immune TME that may be used to identify actionable immuno-oncology (IO) targets with potential prognostic value in MIBC.
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