Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 210, Issue 5, Pages 905-915Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121130
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Funding
- Pasteur Institute
- French National Research Agency [ANR-10-JCJC-1302-PlasmoPEP]
- French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (Evimalar, FP7) [242095]
- Natixis
- Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research Funding (UK)
- Fundacao para Ciencia e Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/48340/2008]
- Direction Generale de l'Armement
- MRC [G0900962] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0900962] Funding Source: researchfish
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/48340/2008] Funding Source: FCT
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Malaria infection starts when the sporozoite stage of the Plasmodium parasite is injected into the skin by a mosquito. Sporozoites are known to traverse host cells before finally invading a hepatocyte and multiplying into erythrocyte-infecting forms, but how sporozoites reach hepatocytes in the liver and the role of host cell traversal (CT) remain unclear. We report the first quantitative imaging study of sporozoite liver infection in rodents. We show that sporozoites can cross the liver sinusoidal barrier by multiple mechanisms, targeting Kupffer cells (KC) or endothelial cells and associated or not with the parasite CT activity. We also show that the primary role of CT is to inhibit sporozoite clearance by KC during locomotion inside the sinusoid lumen, before crossing the barrier. By being involved in multiple steps of the sporozoite journey from the skin to the final hepatocyte, the parasite proteins mediating host CT emerge as ideal antibody targets for vaccination against the parasite.
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