Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 208, Issue 3, Pages 519-533Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102049
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Funding
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- National Institutes of Health
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Foundation for the Pfizer Inc.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an established role in inflammation and host defense, as they kill intracellular bacteria and have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we find that ROS generated by mitochondrial respiration are important for normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven production of several proinflammatory cytokines and for the enhanced responsiveness to LPS seen in cells from patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), an autoinflammatory disorder caused by missense mutations in the type 1 TNF receptor (TNFR1). We find elevated baseline ROS in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human immune cells harboring TRAPS-associated TNFR1 mutations. A variety of antioxidants dampen LPS-induced MAPK phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokine production. However, gp91(phox) and p22(phox) reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits are dispensable for inflammatory cytokine production, indicating that NADPH oxidases are not the source of proinflammatory ROS. TNFR1 mutant cells exhibit altered mitochondrial function with enhanced oxidative capacity and mitochondria! ROS generation, and pharmacological blockade of mitochondria! ROS efficiently reduces inflammatory cytokine production after LPS stimulation in cells from TRAPS patients and healthy controls. These findings suggest that mitochondria! ROS may be a novel therapeutic target for TRAPS and other inflammatory diseases.
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