Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 208, Issue 12, Pages 2429-2447Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111313
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Neuromuscular Research Partnership
- Robert Packard Center for ALS Research at Johns Hopkins and the Fondation Andre-Delambre
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TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) inclusions are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we report that TDP-43 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) p65 messenger RNA and protein expression is higher in spinal cords in ALS patients than healthy individuals. TDP-43 interacts with and colocalizes with p65 in glial and neuronal cells from ALS patients and mice expressing wild-type and mutant TDP-43 transgenes but not in cells from healthy individuals or nontransgenic mice. TDP-43 acted as a co-activator of p65, and glial cells expressing higher amounts of TDP-43 produced more proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or reactive oxygen species. TDP-43 overexpression in neurons also increased their vulnerability to toxic mediators. Treatment of TDP-43 mice with Withaferin A, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B activity, reduced denervation in the neuromuscular junction and ALS disease symptoms. We propose that TDP-43 deregulation contributes to ALS pathogenesis in part by enhancing NF-kappa B activation and that NF-kappa B may constitute a therapeutic target for the disease.
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