Journal
ONCOGENE
Volume 34, Issue 39, Pages 5003-5011Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.456
Keywords
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Funding
- Odyssey Program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
- NIH/NCI [1UH2TR00943-01, 1 R01 CA182905-01]
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in Melanoma grant from NCI [P50 CA093459]
- Aim at Melanoma Foundation
- Miriam and Jim Mulva research funds
- Brain SPORE [2P50CA127001]
- Center for radiation Oncology Research Project
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics Pilot project
- Knowledge GAP MDACC grant
- CLL Moonshot pilot project
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center Duncan Family Institute for Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment
- SINF grant in colon cancer
- Laura and John Arnold Foundation
- RGK Foundation
- Estate of C. G. Johnson
- Erwin-Schroedinger Scholarship of the Austrian Science Funds [J3389-B23]
- NIH [CA131301, CA157749]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3389] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J 3389] Funding Source: researchfish
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The central dogma of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information moves from DNA to RNA to protein. However, in the last decade this dogma has been challenged by new findings on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs). More recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted much attention due to their large number and biological significance. Many lncRNAs have been identified as mapping to regulatory elements including gene promoters and enhancers, ultraconserved regions and intergenic regions of protein-coding genes. Yet, the biological function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA in human diseases in general and cancer in particular remain largely unknown. Data from the literature suggest that lncRNA, often via interaction with proteins, functions in specific genomic loci or use their own transcription loci for regulatory activity. In this review, we summarize recent findings supporting the importance of DNA loci in lncRNA function and the underlying molecular mechanisms via cis or trans regulation, and discuss their implications in cancer. In addition, we use the 8q24 genomic locus, a region containing interactive SNPs, DNA regulatory elements and lncRNAs, as an example to illustrate how single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within lncRNAs may be functionally associated with the individual's susceptibility to cancer.
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