Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 63, Issue 7, Pages 2619-2630Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err440
Keywords
apoplasmic barrier; co-tolerance; mangrove; radial oxygen loss; root anatomy
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Funding
- National '863' project of China [2007AA091703]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30570345, 41106103]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20100171110035]
- Areas of Excellence under the RGC of the Hong Kong SAR [AoE/P-04/04]
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Root anatomy, radial oxygen loss (ROL), and tolerances to ferrous (Fe2+), sulphide (S2-), and zinc (Zn2+) ions were investigated in seedlings of eight species of mangrove, including three pioneer species, three rhizophoraceous and two landward semi-mangrove species. The results showed an interesting co-tolerance to Fe2+, S2-, and Zn2+. The three rhizophoraceous species (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia obovata and Rhizophora stylosa), which possessed the thickest lignified exodermis and the 'tightest barrier' in ROL spatial pattern, consistently exhibited the highest tolerance to Fe2+, S2-, and Zn2+. B. gymnorrhiza could directly reduce ROL by increasing lignification within the exodermis. Such an induced barrier to ROL is a probable defence response to prevent further invasion and spread of toxins within plants. The data also indicated that, in B. gymnorrhiza, Fe2+ or S2-, or both, induced a lignified exodermis that delayed the entry of Zn2+ into the roots and thereby contributed to a higher tolerance to Zn2+. This study provides new evidence of exclusive strategies of mangrove seedling roots in dealing with contaminations. The information is also important in the selection and cultivation of tolerant species for the bioremediation of contaminated waters or soils.
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