Journal
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 3, Pages 674-682Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12086
Keywords
Phylogeny; recombination; sex-linked markers
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [31003A- 129 894, PMPDP3134142]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Sto 493/2-1]
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Contrasting with birds and mammals, most ectothermic vertebrates present homomorphic sex chromosomes, which might be due either to a high turnover rate or to occasional X-Y recombination. We tested these two hypotheses in a group of Palearctic green toads that diverged some 3.3million years ago. Using sibship analyses of sex-linked markers, we show that all four species investigated share the same pair of sex chromosomes and a pattern of male heterogamety with drastically reduced X-Y recombination in males. Phylogenetic analyses of sex-linked sequences show that X and Y alleles cluster by species, not by gametolog. We conclude that X-Y homomorphy and fine-scale sequence similarity in these species do not stem from recent sex-chromosome turnovers, but from occasional X-Y recombination.
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