Journal
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Volume 26, Issue 11, Pages 2383-2395Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12230
Keywords
adaptive divergence; canalization; Centrarchidae; GxE interaction; genetic assimilation; reaction norm
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities in the form of an Ontario Graduate Scholarship
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Phenotypic plasticity can contribute to the proliferation and invasion success of nonindigenous species by promoting phenotypic changes that increase fitness, facilitate range expansion and improve survival. In this study, differences in phenotypic plasticity were investigated using young-of-year pumpkinseed sunfish from colonies established with lentic and lotic populations originating in Canada (native) and Spain (non-native). Individuals were subjected to static and flowing water treatments for 80days. Inter- and intra-population differences were tested using ancova and discriminant function analysis, and differences in phenotypic plasticity were tested through a manova of discriminant function scores. Differences between Iberian and North American populations were observed in dorsal fin length, pectoral fin position and caudal peduncle length. Phenotypic plasticity had less influence on morphology than genetic factors, regardless of population origin. Contrary to predictions, Iberian pumpkinseed exhibited lower levels of phenotypic plasticity than native populations, suggesting that canalization may have occurred in the non-native populations during the processes of introduction and range expansion.
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