Journal
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages 1919-1927Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02056.x
Keywords
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; exploitation; infection; legume; Lotus strigosus; mutualism; parasitism; partner choice; rhizobia; sanctions
Categories
Funding
- NSF [DEB 0816663]
- UC Riverside
- CNAS
- CCRAA
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Host control mechanisms are thought to be critical for selecting against cheater mutants in symbiont populations. Here, we provide the first experimental test of a legume host's ability to constrain the infection and proliferation of a native-occurring rhizobial cheater. Lotus strigosus hosts were experimentally inoculated with pairs of Bradyrhizobium strains that naturally vary in symbiotic benefit, including a cheater strain that proliferates in the roots of singly infected hosts, yet provides zero growth benefits. Within co-infected hosts, the cheater exhibited lower infection rates than competing beneficial strains and grew to smaller population sizes within those nodules. In vitro assays revealed that infection-rate differences among competing strains were not caused by variation in rhizobial growth rate or interstrain toxicity. These results can explain how a rapidly growing cheater symbiont - that exhibits a massive fitness advantage in single infections - can be prevented from sweeping through a beneficial population of symbionts.
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