Journal
OECOLOGIA
Volume 180, Issue 1, Pages 137-147Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3461-9
Keywords
Ecoimmunology; Life history; Trematodes; Littorina; Coevolutionary arms race
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation
- Shoals Marine Laboratory Research Internships in Field Science Program
- University of Georgia Office of the Vice President for Research
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experimental infection in this host. Our findings support that locally recruiting hosts Local adaptation may optimize an organism's investment in defenses in response to the risk of infection by spatially heterogeneous parasites and other natural enemies. However, local adaptation may be constrained if recruitment is decoupled from selective pressure experienced by the parent generation. We predicted that the ability of three intertidal littorinid snail species to defend against trematode parasites would depend on prior levels of population exposure to parasites and on larval dispersal mode, a proxy for population openness. In a common garden experiment, for two snail species with direct development and localized recruitment (Littorina obtusata and Littorina saxatilis), hosts from sites with high trematode infection risk were less susceptible to infection than hosts from low-risk sites. However, this relationship was not apparent for a third host species with broadcast larvae (Littorina littorea), suggesting that broad larval dispersal can impede local adaptation; alternatively, the lack of response in this species could owe to other factors that limited can adapt their defenses to scale with localized infection risk.
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