Inhibitory effect of eupatilin and jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia princeps on carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Artemisia princeps Pampanini (family Asteraceae) is an herbal medicine widely used as a hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent in Korea, China, and Japan. Aim of the study: This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of the main constituents, eupatilin and jaceosidin, isolated from Artemisia princeps. Materials and methods: We used carrageenan-induced inflammation in an air pouch on the back of mice and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin and jaceosidin. Inflammatory makers, such as expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblot analyses. Results: Eupatilin and jaceosidin blocked carrageenan-induced increase in leukocyte number and protein levels in air pouch exudates. Eupatilin and jaceosidin inhibited COX-2 expression and NF-kappa B activation, and markedly reduced TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) levels. They also inhibited hind paw edema induced by carrageenan. Eupatilin and jaceosidin had similar activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that eupatilin and jaceosidin may reduce inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation, and that Artemisia princeps inhibits inflammation because of these constituents. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.