Journal
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
Volume 67, Issue 4, Pages 305-310Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201742
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health Grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R21HD51902]
- Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Cantabria. Spain
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Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health, but SES measures are frequently unavailable in commonly used datasets. Area-level SES measures are used as proxy measures of individual SES when the individual measures are lacking. Little is known about the agreement between individual-level versus area-level SES measures in mixed urban-rural settings. Methods We identified SES agreement by comparing information from telephone self-reported SES levels and SES calculated from area-level SES measures. We assessed the impact of this agreement on reported associations between SES and rates of childhood obesity, low birth weight < 2500 g and smoking within the household in a mixed urban-rural setting. Results 750 households were surveyed with a response rate of 62%: 51% male, 89% Caucasian; mean child age 9.5 years. Individual-level self-reported income was more strongly associated with all three childhood health outcomes compared to area-level SES. We found significant disagreement rates of 22-31%. The weighted Cohen's. indices ranged from 0.15 to 0.22, suggesting poor agreement between individual-level and area-level measures. Conclusion In a mixed urban-rural setting comprised of both rural and urbanised areas, area-level SES proxy measures significantly disagree with individual SES measures, and have different patterns of association with health outcomes from individual-level SES measures. Area-level SES may be an unsuitable proxy for SES when individual rather than community characteristics are of primary concern.
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