Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Volume 48, Issue 10, Pages 1292-1300Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.777243
Keywords
Oxidative stress; lead; cadmium; catalase; glutathione; malondialdehyde; spermatozoa; bulls
Categories
Funding
- Scientific Grant of the Slovak Republic VEGA [1/0532/11]
- Cultural and Educational Grant of the Slovak Republic KEGA [013SPU-4/2012]
- Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV [SK-HU-0005-08]
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content on basic motility characteristics (motility-MOT, progressive motility-PROG) as well as selected markers of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (catalase-CAT, glutathione-GSH, malondialdehyde-MDA) in bovine seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Twenty five semen samples were collected from breeding bulls and used in the study. Motility analysis was carried out using the Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system. The samples were centrifuged, fractions of seminal plasma and spermatozoa were separated, lysates were prepared from the sperm cell fractions. Pb and Cd concentrations were determined by the voltametric method (ASV), antioxidants and MDA were analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The analysis showed that the average concentration of Pb in the seminal plasma was 0.23 +/- 0.02g/mL, while its amount in the sperm cells was significantly higher (0.41 +/- 0.07g/mL; P < 0.05). The average Cd content in bovine seminal fractions was similar and non-significant: 0.09 +/- 0.01g/mL in the seminal plasma and 0.11 +/- 0.01g/mL in spermatozoa (P > 0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that both heavy metals were significantly negatively correlated with MOT and PROG (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.001), CAT (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) as well as GSH (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) but significantly positively associated with MDA as the marker of lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). Moreover the samples were categorized in three quality groups (Excellent, Good, Moderate) according to their motility values. The lowest Pb, Cd and MDA concentrations but the best antioxidant characteristics were found in samples of the best quality, moderate quality samples exhibited the highest Pb, Cd and MDA content together with the worst antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrates that Pb and Cd are serious toxic elements, which are able to increase the risk of seminal oxidative stress development and asubsequent decrease of male fertility.
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