Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Volume 46, Issue 13, Pages 1469-1481Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2011.609064
Keywords
Ambient particles; Clara cell protein; pulmonary inflammation; BALF; rats
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Funding
- RAIAP [QLK-CT-2000-00792]
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Epidemiological studies have reported associations of ambient particulate air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) less than 10 mu m with exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In an in vivo model, we have tested the toxicity of urban airborne particles collected during spring, summer, and winter seasons in four cities (Amsterdam, Lodz, Oslo, and Rome) spread across Europe. The seasonal differences in inflammatory responses were striking, and almost all the study parameters were affected by PM. Coarse fractions of the urban particle samples were less potent per unit mass than the fine fractions in increasing cytokine [macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] levels and in reducing Clara-cell secretory protein (CC16) levels. This study shows that PM collected at 4 contrasting sites across Europe and during different seasons have differences in toxic potency. These differences were even more prominent between the fine and coarse fractions of the PM.
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