Safety of the Factory Preset Rotation Angle of Reciprocating Instruments

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the torsional resistance of 2 reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments (Reciproc [VDW, Munich, Germany] and WaveOne [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland]) operated at the maximum rotating angle in a proprietary motor. Methods: With the file tip secured at various levels (3, 4, or 5 mm) of Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary, the distortion angles and torsional loads were monitored during counterclockwise movement at 2 rpm until fracture (n = 10 at each level) for a load-distortion graph. The rotation angles and loads at the beginning point of the plateau, the ultimate torsional strength, final fracture angle, and toughness were determined. The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post,hoc test at alpha = .05. The lateral longitudinal aspect and the fracture cross-section of each specimen were examined by scanning electron microscopy after the test. Results: The rotation angle at the beginning point of the plateau was significantly greater for a binding site farther away from the tip of the instrument for both systems (P < .05), and all were greater than 170 degrees (preset in the dedicated motor from manufacturer). The ultimate strength and toughness also increased significantly at levels farther away from the instrument tip (P < .05). All specimens showed typical topographic features of torsional fracture, including the circular abrasion marks and fibrous dimples near the rotation center after the test. Conclusions: It was determined that the 2 brands of reciprocating files are safe when operated at the rotational angle in the proprietary motor.