Journal
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 221, Issue 3, Pages R121-R144Publisher
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-14-0002
Keywords
islet cells; insulin secretion; apoptosis; diabetes; phosphatase
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation (Diabetesfonden)
- Folksam Research Foundation
- Diabetes Research Wellness Foundation
- Tore Nilsson Foundation
- Lars Hierta's memorial foundation
- Tornspiran Foundation
- Berth von Kantzow's Foundation
- Golje's Memorial Foundation
- Eva and Oscar Ahren's Foundation
- NIH [CA 60750]
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The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. A cardinal feature of most forms of diabetes is the lack of insulin-producing capability, due to the loss of insulin-producing beta-cells, impaired glucose-sensitive insulin secretion from the stimulus beta-cell, or a combination thereof, the reasons for which largely remain elusive. Reversible phosphorylation is an important and versatile mechanism for regulating the biological activity of many intracellular proteins, which, in turn, controls a variety of cellular functions. For instance, significant changes in protein kinase activities and in protein phosphorylation patterns occur subsequent to the stimulation of insulin release by glucose. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms regulating the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the insulin secretory process by the beta-cell have been extensively investigated. However, far less is known about the role and regulation of protein dephosphorylation by various protein phosphatases. Herein, we review extant data implicating serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatases in various aspects of healthy and diabetic islet biology, ranging from control of hormonal stimulus-secretion coupling to mitogenesis and apoptosis. Journal of Endocrinology
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