Journal
NUTRITION REVIEWS
Volume 73, Issue 3, Pages 140-154Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu012
Keywords
diabetes; functional foods; glucose transporter; hyperglycemia; insulin resistance; nutraceuticals
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Funding
- Manitoba Health Research Council
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Abnormal expression and/or function of mammalian hexose transporters contribute to the hallmark hyperglycemia of diabetes. Due to different roles in glucose handling, various organ systems possess specific transporters that may be affected during the diabetic state. Diabetes has been associated with higher rates of intestinal glucose transport, paralleled by increased expression of both active and facilitative transporters and a shift in the location of transporters within the enterocyte, events that occur independent of intestinal hyperplasia and hyperglycemia. Peripheral tissues also exhibit deregulated glucose transport in the diabetic state, most notably defective translocation of transporters to the plasma membrane and reduced capacity to clear glucose from the bloodstream. Expression of renal active and facilitative glucose transporters increases as a result of diabetes, leading to elevated rates of glucose reabsorption. However, this may be a natural response designed to combat elevated blood glucose concentrations and not necessarily a direct effect of insulin deficiency. Functional foods and nutraceuticals, by modulation of glucose transporter activity, represent a potential dietary tool to aid in the management of hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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