Journal
JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
Volume 184, Issue 1-2, Pages 16-23Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.10.004
Keywords
X-ray photoelectron spectra; Multiplet structure; Lead ferroniobate; Barium ferroniobate bismuth ferrite; Hematite; Fe valence state
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Funding
- RFBR [08-02 -92672Ind]
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Fe2p, Fe3p, and Fe3s X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) are measured with high resolution in single-crystal multiferroics BiFeO3 and PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3, as well as in reference samples Fe2O3, FeSO4 center dot 7H(2)O, FeC2O4 center dot 2H(2)O. The spectra are assigned based on an isolated-ion approximation calculation. Single-crystal multiferroics and Fe2O3 are shown to have the Fe ions only in the Fe3+ valence state. Ceramic samples of BaFe1/2Nb1/2O3 with various relative Fe2+/Fe3+ abundances are synthesized in various conditions. An approximate method to determine the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in a sample is suggested. The method is based on the fitting of the sample's 2p XPS with a superposition of Fe2+ and Fe3+ 2p spectra. An effect of temperature regimes of sintering and annealing on the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio is demonstrated. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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