Immunolocalization of aquaporin-5 in normal human skin and hypohidrotic skin diseases

Aquaporin (AQP)-5 has been shown to be expressed in the secretory parts of mouse, rat and horse sweat glands. However, the precise localization of AQP-5 in normal and diseased human skin has not been fully determined. The aim of the present study was to further clarify the immunolocalization of AQP-5 in normal human skin and hypohidrotic skin diseases. Normal human scalp skin and biopsies from skin affected by hypohidrotic diseases were analyzed for AQP-5 and/or dermcidin expression by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and/or immunoelectronmicroscopy. AQP-5 was expressed on the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of the clear cells in eccrine sweat coils, but not in ductal components or apocrine glands. Numbers of AQP-5-positive coils in the secretory part of eccrine sweat glands were decreased in Sjogrens syndrome, but not in skin affected by idiopathic segmental anhidrosis or idiopathic pure sudomotor failure. AQP-5 was mostly localized to the plasma membranes of clear cells in the secretory coils of eccrine sweat glands, suggesting that it plays a role in producing the primary sweat fluid.