Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive

Objectives Contemporary methods of dentin bonding could create hybrid layers (HLs) containing voids and exposed demineralised collagen fibres Proanthocyanidins (PA) have been shown to cross link and strengthen demineralised dentin collagen but their effects on collagen degradation within the HL have not been widely studied The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological differences of HLs created by BisGMA/HEMA model adhesives with and without the addition of grape seed extract PA under conditions of enzymatic collagen degradation Methods Model adhesives formulated with and without 5% PA were bonded to the acid etched dentin 5 mu m thick sections cut from the bonded specimens were stained with Goldner's trichrome The specimens were then exposed to 0 1% collagenase solution for 0, 1 or 6 days Following collagenase treatment the specimens were analysed with SEM/TEM Results Staining did not reveal a difference in the HLs created with the two adhesives SEM showed the presence of intact collagen fibrils in all collagenase treatment conditions for specimens bonded with adhesive containing PA These integral collagen fibrils were not observed in the specimens bonded with adhesive without PA after the same collagenase treatment TEM confirmed that the specimens containing PA still showed normal collagen fibril organisation and dimensions after treatment with collagenase solution In contrast disorganised collagen fibrils in the interfacial zone lacked the typical cross banding of normal collagen after collagenase treatment for specimens without PA Conclusions The presence of grape seed extract PA in dental adhesives may inhibit the biodegradation of unprotected collagen fibrils within the HL (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved