Journal
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 93, Issue 7, Pages 639-644Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514534985
Keywords
periodontitis; caries; clinical attachments loss; probing depth; cohort study; Study of Health in Pomerania
Categories
Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ZZ96030, 01ZZ0701]
- Ministry of Education, Research, and Cultural Affairs
- Ministry of Social Affairs of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- RAPID (Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Inflammatory Disease), Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union [290246]
- GABA, Switzerland
- Immunodiagnostic Systems
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Vitamin D deficiency and oral diseases (periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss) are highly prevalent in Germany. Previous studies suggested that vitamin D might be a modifiable and protective factor for periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss. However, prospective studies investigating such associations are limited. We explored the association between the concentration of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and incidence of tooth loss, progression of clinical attachment loss (CAL) >= 3 mm, and progression of restorative and caries status in a population-based longitudinal study. We analyzed data from 1,904 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania with a five-year follow-up. Generalized estimating equation models were applied to evaluate tooth-specific associations between serum 25OHD and incidence of tooth loss, progression of CAL >= 3 mm, and progression of restorative and caries status. Age, sex, education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, waist circumference, dental visit frequency, reasons of dental visit, vitamin D or calcium supplements, and season of blood draw were considered as confounders. Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with incidence of tooth loss. A significant dose-response relationship (p = .0022) was observed across the quintiles of serum 25OHD. After adjusting for multiple confounders, each 10-mu g/L increase of serum 25OHD was associated with a 13% decreased risk of tooth loss (risk ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.79, 0.96). The association was attenuated for changes of CAL >= 3 mm when adjusting for multiple confounders. No significant association was found between serum 25OHD and caries progression. Vitamin D might be a protective factor for tooth loss. The effect might partially be mediated by its effect on periodontitis.
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