Journal
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 92, Issue 11, Pages 976-981Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0022034513504952
Keywords
nanomedicine; drug delivery; biomaterials; bioengineering; nanoparticle; carbon
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-0846323]
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing [DMI-0327077]
- V Foundation for Cancer Research Scholars Award
- Wallace H. Coulter Foundation Translational Research Award
- Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening Endowed Fellowship, Beckman Coulter
- European Commission [FP7-KBBE-2009-3]
- National Cancer Institute [U54CA151880, 1F30CA174156]
- Northwestern University Malkin Scholarship
- [CMMI-0856492]
- [DMR-1105060]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1350197] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well-studied regulators of cartilage and bone development that have been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the promotion of bone formation in certain procedures. BMPs are seeing more use in oral and maxillofacial surgeries because of recent FDA approval of InFUSE (R) for sinus augmentation and localized alveolar ridge augmentation. However, the utility of BMPs in medical and dental applications is limited by the delivery method. Currently, BMPs are delivered to the surgical site by the implantation of bulky collagen sponges. Here we evaluate the potential of detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) as a delivery vehicle for BMP-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Nanodiamonds are biocompatible, 4- to 5-nm carbon nanoparticles that have previously been used to deliver a wide variety of molecules, including proteins and peptides. We find that both BMP-2 and bFGF are readily loaded onto NDs by physisorption, forming a stable colloidal solution, and are triggered to release in slightly acidic conditions. Simultaneous delivery of BMP-2 and bFGF by ND induces differentiation and proliferation in osteoblast progenitor cells. Overall, we find that NDs provide an effective injectable alternative for the delivery of BMP-2 and bFGF to promote bone formation.
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