Journal
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 18-30Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0022034510378429
Keywords
mineralized tissue/development; dentin; enamel; bone remodeling/regeneration
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Funding
- Dental Board of New South Wales
- Australian Dental Research Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DE015272]
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [512524]
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP098867]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL &CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH [R01DE015272] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Accurate assessment of mineral density (MD) provides information critical to the understanding of mineralization processes of calcified tissues, including bones and teeth. High-resolution three-dimensional assessment of the MD of teeth has been demonstrated by relatively inaccessible synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography (SR mu CT). While conventional desktop mu CT (C mu CT) technology is widely available, polychromatic source and cone-shaped beam geometry confound MD assessment. Recently, considerable attention has been given to optimizing quantitative data from C mu CT systems with polychromatic x-ray sources. In this review, we focus on the approaches that minimize inaccuracies arising from beam hardening, in particular, beam filtration during the scan, beam-hardening correction during reconstruction, and mineral density calibration. Filtration along with lowest possible source voltage results in a narrow and near-single-peak spectrum, favoring high contrast and minimal beam-hardening artifacts. More effective beam monochromatization approaches are described. We also examine the significance of beam-hardening correction in determining the accuracy of mineral density estimation. In addition, standards for the calibration of reconstructed grey-scale attenuation values against MD, including K2PHO4 liquid phantom, and polymer- hydroxyapatite (HA) and solid hydroxyapatite (HA) phantoms, are discussed.
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