Journal
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
Volume 798, Issue -, Pages 172-213Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.06.058
Keywords
Pierre Auger Observatory; High energy cosmic rays; Hybrid observatory; Water Cherenkov detectors; Air fluorescence detectors
Categories
Funding
- Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica
- Fundacion Antorchas
- Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargue
- NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas
- Australian Research Council
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/07359-6, 1999/05404-3]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil
- MSMT-CR [LG13007, 7AMB14AR005, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058]
- Czech Science Foundation, Czech Republic [14-17501S]
- Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Conseil Regional Ile-de-France
- Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS]
- Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)
- Institut Lagrange de Paris
- ILP LABEX within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme, France [ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 ANR-10-LABX-63]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung
- Nordrhein Westfalen
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft
- Forschung und Kunst
- Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)
- Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA)
- CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico
- Ministerie van Onderwijs
- Cultuur en Wetenschap
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
- National Centre for Research and Development [ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11, ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11]
- National Science Centre, Poland [2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728, HARMONIA 5 - 2013/10/M/ST9/00062]
- Portuguese national funds
- FEDER funds within COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal
- Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS
- CNDI-UEFISCDI [20/2012, 194/2012, 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062]
- Programme for research - Space Technology and Advanced Research - STAR, Romania [83/2013]
- Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
- Comunidad de Madrid
- FEDER funds
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia
- Xunta de Galicia
- European Community, Spain [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom
- Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-SC0011689]
- National Science Foundation [0450696]
- Grainger Foundation, USA
- NAFOSTED, Vietnam
- Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET
- European Particle Physics Latin American Network
- European Union [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]
- UNESCO
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1361172, 1306040] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics [1212538, 1506232] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above 10(17) eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km(2) overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km(2), 61-detector infilled array with 750 in spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km(2) sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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