Journal
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
Volume 164, Issue 2, Pages 138-144Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.038
Keywords
EPR-effect; SMANCS; Tumor targeting; Heterogeneity of EPR effect; Augmentation of EPR effect; Vascular permeability
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In this review, I have discussed various issues of the cancer drug targeting primarily related to the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect, which utilized nanomedicine or macromolecular drugs. The content goes back to the development of the first polymer-protein conjugate anticancer agent SMANCS and development of the arterial infusion in Lipiodol formulation into the tumor feeding artery (hepatic artery for hepatoma). The brief account on the EPR effect and its definition, factors involved, heterogeneity, and various methods of augmentation of the EPR effect, which showed remarkably improved clinical outcomes are also discussed. Various obstacles involved in drug developments and commercialization are also discussed through my personal experience and recollections. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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