Journal
JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY
Volume 155, Issue -, Pages 9-19Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.08.005
Keywords
Target delivery; Formulation design; Mobility; Zero-valent iron; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Column studies
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
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Nanoparticles of zero-valent iron (NZVI) are effective reducing agents for some dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as trichloroethylene (TCE). However, target delivery of iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones in the aquifer remains an elusive feature for NZVI technologies. This work discusses three strategies to deliver iron nanoparticles to DNAPL zones. To this end, iron oxide nanoparticles coated with oleate (OL) ions were used as stable analogs for NZVI. The OL-coated iron oxide nanoparticles are rendered lipophilic via (a) the addition of CaCl2, (b) acidification, or (c) the addition of a cationic surfactant, benzethonium chloride (BC). Mixtures of OL and BC show promise as a target delivery strategy due to the high stability of the nanoparticles in water, and their preferential partition into TCE in batch experiments. Column tests show that while the OL-BC coated iron oxide nanoparticles remain largely mobile in TCE-free columns, a large fraction of these particles are retained in TCE-contaminated columns, confirming the effectiveness of this target delivery strategy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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