Journal
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
Volume 426, Issue -, Pages 221-234Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.054
Keywords
Electrodialysis; Cation-exchange membrane; Anion-exchange membrane; Pulsed electric field; Water splitting reaction; Mineral fouling; Amorphous magnesium hydroxide; Amorphous calcium carbonate
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- MDEIE (Ministere du Developpement Economique, Innovation et Exportation)
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Experiments revealed the fouling nature evolutions along different electrodialysis (ED) trials, and how it disappears when current pulsation acts repetitively on the interfaces of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs). Fouling was totally controlled on the diluate side of cation-exchange membrane (CEM) by the repetitive pulsation frequency of the higher on-duty ratios applied. They created steady water splitting proton-barriers that neutralized OH- leakage through the membrane, decreasing the interfacial pH, and fouling of the concentrate side. The anion-exchange membrane (AEM) on the diluate side was similarly protected, but it was fouled once water splitting OH- generation became either intense enough or excessively weak. Interestingly, amorphous magnesium hydroxide (AMH) stemmed on the CEM-diluate side from brucite under intense water splitting OH- generation, and/or strong OH- leakage electromigration through the membrane. Water dissociation and overlimiting current regimes triggered drastic water molecule removal from crystal lattices through an accelerated cascade water splitting reaction. Also, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) appeared on CEM under intense water splitting reaction, and disappeared once intense OH- leakage was allowed by the water splitting proton-barrier dissipation. Our findings have implications for membrane fouling control, as well as for the understanding of the growth behavior of CaCO3 and Mg(OH)(2) species on electromembrane interfaces. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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