The synergistic effect of the combined thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxides on photothermally actuated shape memory polyurethane composites

We evaluated the synergistic effect of the hybrid-type nanocarbon, consisting of 1D thin-walled carbon nanotubes (TWNTs) and 2D reduced graphene oxide (RGO), on the shape memory performance of hyper-branched polyurethane composites. The shape recovery of the resulting composites was activated via a photothermal process using a near-infrared laser. The best laser-induced shape recovery performance was achieved for the composites with a 7/3 of TWNT/RGO ratio and a 1 wt.% of nanocarbon content. Such result can be explained by good dispersion of TWNTs and RGO in the hyperbranched polymer as well as three-dimensionally enhanced interconnection between carbon nanotubes and graphenes. The optically active TWNTs with a high optical absorption section exhibited high ability of transferring laser-induced thermal energy to polymer matrix whereas RGO provided a high mechanical property to polymer matrix. The tensile modulus and electrical conductivity of the composites also showed a similar dependence on the TWNT/RGO composition ratio as the photothermal shape recovery. Our study demonstrated an effective conversion from light, thermal to mechanical work by irradiating shape memory polymer composite containing hybrid-type fillers using a near-infrared laser. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.